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Что (кто) такое spanning tree algorithm - определение
![A spanning tree (blue heavy edges) of a [[grid graph]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/4x4 grid spanning tree.svg?width=200 "A spanning tree (blue heavy edges) of a [[grid graph]]")
![[[Cayley's formula]] counts the number of spanning trees on a complete graph. There are <math>2^{2-2}=1</math> trees in <math>K_2</math>,
<math>3^{3-2}=3</math> trees in <math>K_3</math>, and <math>4^{4-2}=16</math>
trees in <math>K_4</math>.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cayley's formula 2-4.svg?width=200 "[[Cayley's formula]] counts the number of spanning trees on a complete graph. There are <math>2^{2-2}=1</math> trees in <math>K_2</math>,
<math>3^{3-2}=3</math> trees in <math>K_3</math>, and <math>4^{4-2}=16</math>
trees in <math>K_4</math>.")
Википедия
A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight. That is, it is a spanning tree whose sum of edge weights is as small as possible. More generally, any edge-weighted undirected graph (not necessarily connected) has a minimum spanning forest, which is a union of the minimum spanning trees for its connected components.
There are many use cases for minimum spanning trees. One example is a telecommunications company trying to lay cable in a new neighborhood. If it is constrained to bury the cable only along certain paths (e.g. roads), then there would be a graph containing the points (e.g. houses) connected by those paths. Some of the paths might be more expensive, because they are longer, or require the cable to be buried deeper; these paths would be represented by edges with larger weights. Currency is an acceptable unit for edge weight – there is no requirement for edge lengths to obey normal rules of geometry such as the triangle inequality. A spanning tree for that graph would be a subset of those paths that has no cycles but still connects every house; there might be several spanning trees possible. A minimum spanning tree would be one with the lowest total cost, representing the least expensive path for laying the cable.
